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A2-D-2-2

Page history last edited by Tashe Harris 6 years, 2 months ago

A2.D.2.2 Identify and explain misleading uses of data. Recognize when arguments based on data confuse correlation and causation.

In a Nutshell

Students will analyze different statistical studies to identify misleading uses of data. They will understand that correlation between two variables does not imply causation.

Student Actions	Teacher Actions
Students will develop mathematical reasoning to analyze a statistical study in the context of an article and be able to critique the integrity of the study. Students will communicate mathematically in writing or verbally to give an explanation of why a statistical study is misleading. Students will demonstrate a deep and flexible conceptual understanding that correlation between two variables does not imply causation.	Facilitate meaningful mathematical discourse among students as they discuss tasks that explore statistical analysis of various statistical studies and thus extend their current mathematical understanding. Engage students in making connections among mathematical representations of data and assess students’ abilities to understand misleading uses of data. Facilitate discourse among students to build shared understanding of the concepts of correlation versus causation.
Key Understandings	Misconceptions
Identify data reports that have been produced using bad sampling or biased polls and surveys as misleading. Recognize that correlation does not imply causation. Identify misuses of data conclusions resulting from comparing two non-related variables. Understand how a graph’s scale can point to very different conclusions. Detect technically accurate statistics used improperly to mislead. Example: The number of complaints about airlines published in US News and World Report on February 5, 2001 showed that United Airlines and American airlines have the most complaints at 252 and 162 respectively. Therefore, we can conclude that United Airlines and American airlines are the worst airlines. This is not necessarily true if you take into consideration that both of these airlines have the biggest number of customers per year.	Students do not realize that bad sampling or biased polls can lead to misleading results. Students incorrectly believe that correlation between two variables imply causation. Students misread graphs when they fail to check the accuracy of the graph’s scale and the correctness of labels and numbering of each axis.