4.A.2.1 Use number sense, properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division to solve problems and find values for the unknowns represented by letters and symbols that make number sentences true.
In a Nutshell
Use knowledge of fact families and properties of multiplication to solve for unknowns.
Student Actions
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Teacher Actions
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Develop a deep and flexible conceptual understanding of the relationship between multiplication and division by using multiple representations to model related equations.
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Develop strategies for problem solving by using conceptual understanding of operations to solve for unknowns.
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Develop the ability to communicate mathematically by defending their solutions using multiplication/division relationships.
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Use and connect mathematical representations by using equations in a variety of formats (e.g., 4 x n = 12, n x 4 = 12, as well as 12 = 4 x n, 4 x n = 3 x 8 and 12 = n x 4).
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Implement tasks that promote reasoning and problem solving by providing a variety of scenarios involving unknowns and the operations of multiplication and division.
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Facilitate mathematical discourse by encouraging students to share their strategies and defend their reasoning.
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Key Understandings
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Misconceptions
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- The value of an unknown can be found by applying prior knowledge of operations and the relationships between them.
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- There are rules that determine which number a letter stands for.
- For example, e = 5 because e is the fifth letter of the alphabet or y = 4 because y was 4 in the last number sentence
- A letter always has one specific value.
- An equal sign means "and the answer is." In this way, when they see an equal sign, they want to carry out the operation preceding it.
- For example, when asked what the △ represents in the equation 4 x 3 = △ x 2 they say 12. They need to think of the equal sign as meaning "is the same as."
- The commutative property applies to division; e.g., 12/3 = 4 is the same as 3/12 = 4.
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OKMath Framework Introduction
4th Grade Introduction
4th Grade Math Standards
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