6.N.1.6 Determine the greatest common factors and least common multiples. Use common factors and multiples to calculate with fractions, find equivalent fractions, and express the sum of two-digit numbers with a common factor using the distributive property.
In a Nutshell
The greatest common factor (largest factor common to a pair or set of numbers) and the least common multiple (smallest number that is a multiple of a pair or set of numbers) will be used to create equivalent fractions and simplify fractions to their simplest form. The greatest common factor (GCF) is used to reduce a fraction to its simplest form. The least common multiple (LCM) is used to create equivalent fractions with a common denominator for the purpose of comparing fractions and adding/subtracting fractions. The distributive property helps students understand how a common factor relates to two separate numbers.
Student Actions
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Teacher Actions
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Develop procedural fluency by finding factors and multiples of whole numbers and sets of numbers. (Ex: Students could set up factor rainbows to find factors of two numbers, then compare to find the GCF.)
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Develop procedural fluency to simplify fractions using GCF and generate equivalent fractions using common multiples.
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Develop mathematical reasoning through discussions as students compare strategies for using common factors and multiples as an efficient procedure to calculate with fractions.
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Develop strategies for problem solving by using factors, multiples, GCF and LCMs to solve a variety of problems.
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Develop mathematical reasoning of the concept of common factors by using the distributive property.
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- Use and connect mathematical representations of prime and composite numbers to develop procedural fluency of finding factors and multiples. (Ex: factor rainbows, Venn Diagram, etc.)
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Build procedural fluency for using GCF and common multiples to create equivalent fractions.
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Implement tasks that promote reasoning and problem solving by comparing strategies to solve various types of problems using equivalent fractions. (Ex: Ethan has ⅔ cup of juice in his cup, Nate has ⅚ cup of juice left. Who has more juice left in their cup? One strategy that could be used in this problem would be to make ⅔ equivalent to 4/6 to then compare each fraction.)
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Pose purposeful questions when using the distributive property to help students understand how a common factor relates to two separate numbers (Ex: What number should be “factored out?” Why?)
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Key Understandings
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Misconceptions
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Understand how to use a variety of strategies to determine factors, multiples, least common multiples, and greatest common factors, including prime factorization.
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Understand that dividing the numerator and denominator of a fraction by their greatest common factor results in a fraction in simplest form.
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Understand common multiples as common denominators and find equivalent fractions.
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solve a variety of problems involving factors, greatest common factors, multiples, and least common multiples.
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Recognize the sum of two numbers can be written as the product of a common factor and a sum. (Ex: 28 + 12 = 4(7 + 3)).
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Confuse the terms multiples and factors.
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Believe that factors of a given number must be smaller than the given number (Ex: Students may not realize that 36 is a factor of 36.)
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Believe that multiples of a given number must be larger than the given number (Ex: Students may not recognize 36 as a multiple of 36.)
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Use a decimal as a factor (Ex: They believe 2.5 is a factor of 10 since 4 x 2.5 =10.)
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Use additive method instead of multiplicative method to find equivalent fractions (Ex: ½ = ⅔ instead of 2/4).
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Not recognize that a common factor exists within the sum of two composite numbers.
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OKMath Framework Introduction
6th Grade Introduction
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